PTOSIS/ DROPPING OF EYELID

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 Definition

It is an abnormal dropping of the upper eyelid.

Classification of Ptosis 

  1. Congenital
  2. Acquired
  • Neurogenic
  • Myogenic
  • Aponeurotic
  • Mechanical
Causes of Ptosis

Third Nerve Palsy: It is caused clinically complete due to loss of levator function. It is associated with restriction of ocular movements and dilatation of the pupil.

Horner's Syndrome: It may be associated with ipsilateral miosis, lower lid elevation, and anhidrosis. 

Signs of ptosis

  1. Cosmetic disfigurement 
  2. Amblyopia ( Occurs when ptosis covers the whole pupillary area in children below 9 years of age)
  3. Squint ( May be associated condition)
  4. Abnormal head posture
  5. Wrinkling of the skin of the forehead in an attempt to elevate the upper eyelid. 

Investigations


  1. Tension test
  2. Ice test
Treatment of Ptosis

The treatment of ptosis depends upon;

  • The aetiology of the ptosis.
  • The degree of the ptosis.
  • the function of the levator muscles.

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